What Drought Means for our Groundwater
You might look outside and wonder—how dry is it, really?
Across the country multiple federal, state and local agencies monitor drought conditions to answer that question. The National Drought Mitigation updates The U.S. Drought Monitor, a collaborative map showing national, state and local conditions. The map provides a snapshot of drought severity using a blend of data sources. Drought levels are assessed through levels of precipitation, streamflow, soil moisture, and yes—groundwater. Many organizations are involved in the process in assessing drought status. USGS looks at soil & groundwater, NOAA is tracking precipitation, and even the USDA plays a role observing soil moisture. All together these indicators help us understand the bigger picture.
Here in Central Maryland where thousands rely on the Piedmont Sole Source Aquifer for drinking water, drought is not just about lack of rainfall. It’s about what is happening underground. Groundwater responds slowly to weather patterns. Unlike surface water that responds relatively quickly to rainfall, aquifers recharge slowly. Recharge happens over hundreds of years, not days. A dry season now, that we are are currently experiencing, may not show its full impact until much later, when wells run extremely low or crops stuffer from water stress.
State agencies such as the Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE) monitor drought indicators across the state, including groundwater and streamflow levels. The relationship of groundwater and surface water cannot be understated. Groundwater can contribute up to 60% of streamflow. When groundwater levels drop so do creeks and rivers.
MDE’s most recent data shows declining conditions in parts of Montgomery and Frederick Counties. While Statewide restrictions are not in place, voluntary conservation measures are strongly encouraged. It’s a prudent step for both residents and businesses, especially as we embrace warmer temperatures. Across the AG Reserve many farmers are grappling with dry soils and crop stress. Their ability to irrigate often depends on well water that is a precious, slow to replenish resource.
Map take from U.S. Drought Monitor.
Now more than ever, it is important to think ahead protecting what’s beneath us. What Can you Do?
Shorten your showers. Even a few minutes can save gallons.
Water your garden in the early morning or evening to help reduce evaporation.
Only run the dishwashers and washing machines when full.
Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth. Don’t let good water go down the drain.
Inspect and fix leaks. Dripping toilets and dripping faucets waste a lot of water.
If you have a private well be sure to have it inspected and tests if it is due.
Conservation today supports water security for tomorrow.